strings - ActiveState ActiveGo 1.8
...

Package strings

import "strings"
Overview
Index
Examples

Overview ▾

Package strings implements simple functions to manipulate UTF-8 encoded strings.

For information about UTF-8 strings in Go, see https://blog.golang.org/strings.

Index ▾

func Compare(a, b string) int
func Contains(s, substr string) bool
func ContainsAny(s, chars string) bool
func ContainsRune(s string, r rune) bool
func Count(s, sep string) int
func EqualFold(s, t string) bool
func Fields(s string) []string
func FieldsFunc(s string, f func(rune) bool) []string
func HasPrefix(s, prefix string) bool
func HasSuffix(s, suffix string) bool
func Index(s, sep string) int
func IndexAny(s, chars string) int
func IndexByte(s string, c byte) int
func IndexFunc(s string, f func(rune) bool) int
func IndexRune(s string, r rune) int
func Join(a []string, sep string) string
func LastIndex(s, sep string) int
func LastIndexAny(s, chars string) int
func LastIndexByte(s string, c byte) int
func LastIndexFunc(s string, f func(rune) bool) int
func Map(mapping func(rune) rune, s string) string
func Repeat(s string, count int) string
func Replace(s, old, new string, n int) string
func Split(s, sep string) []string
func SplitAfter(s, sep string) []string
func SplitAfterN(s, sep string, n int) []string
func SplitN(s, sep string, n int) []string
func Title(s string) string
func ToLower(s string) string
func ToLowerSpecial(c unicode.SpecialCase, s string) string
func ToTitle(s string) string
func ToTitleSpecial(c unicode.SpecialCase, s string) string
func ToUpper(s string) string
func ToUpperSpecial(c unicode.SpecialCase, s string) string
func Trim(s string, cutset string) string
func TrimFunc(s string, f func(rune) bool) string
func TrimLeft(s string, cutset string) string
func TrimLeftFunc(s string, f func(rune) bool) string
func TrimPrefix(s, prefix string) string
func TrimRight(s string, cutset string) string
func TrimRightFunc(s string, f func(rune) bool) string
func TrimSpace(s string) string
func TrimSuffix(s, suffix string) string
type Reader
    func NewReader(s string) *Reader
    func (r *Reader) Len() int
    func (r *Reader) Read(b []byte) (n int, err error)
    func (r *Reader) ReadAt(b []byte, off int64) (n int, err error)
    func (r *Reader) ReadByte() (byte, error)
    func (r *Reader) ReadRune() (ch rune, size int, err error)
    func (r *Reader) Reset(s string)
    func (r *Reader) Seek(offset int64, whence int) (int64, error)
    func (r *Reader) Size() int64
    func (r *Reader) UnreadByte() error
    func (r *Reader) UnreadRune() error
    func (r *Reader) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (n int64, err error)
type Replacer
    func NewReplacer(oldnew ...string) *Replacer
    func (r *Replacer) Replace(s string) string
    func (r *Replacer) WriteString(w io.Writer, s string) (n int, err error)
Bugs

Package files

compare.go reader.go replace.go search.go strings.go strings_amd64.go strings_decl.go

func Compare 

func Compare(a, b string) int

Compare returns an integer comparing two strings lexicographically. The result will be 0 if a==b, -1 if a < b, and +1 if a > b.

Compare is included only for symmetry with package bytes. It is usually clearer and always faster to use the built-in string comparison operators ==, <, >, and so on.

func Contains 

func Contains(s, substr string) bool

Contains reports whether substr is within s.

▾ Example

Code:

fmt.Println(strings.Contains("seafood", "foo"))
fmt.Println(strings.Contains("seafood", "bar"))
fmt.Println(strings.Contains("seafood", ""))
fmt.Println(strings.Contains("", ""))

Output:

true
false
true
true

func ContainsAny 

func ContainsAny(s, chars string) bool

ContainsAny reports whether any Unicode code points in chars are within s.

▾ Example

Code:

fmt.Println(strings.ContainsAny("team", "i"))
fmt.Println(strings.ContainsAny("failure", "u & i"))
fmt.Println(strings.ContainsAny("foo", ""))
fmt.Println(strings.ContainsAny("", ""))

Output:

false
true
false
false

func ContainsRune 

func ContainsRune(s string, r rune) bool

ContainsRune reports whether the Unicode code point r is within s.

func Count 

func Count(s, sep string) int

Count counts the number of non-overlapping instances of sep in s. If sep is an empty string, Count returns 1 + the number of Unicode code points in s.

▾ Example

Code:

fmt.Println(strings.Count("cheese", "e"))
fmt.Println(strings.Count("five", "")) // before & after each rune

Output:

3
5

func EqualFold 

func EqualFold(s, t string) bool

EqualFold reports whether s and t, interpreted as UTF-8 strings, are equal under Unicode case-folding.

▾ Example

Code:

fmt.Println(strings.EqualFold("Go", "go"))

Output:

true

func Fields 

func Fields(s string) []string

Fields splits the string s around each instance of one or more consecutive white space characters, as defined by unicode.IsSpace, returning an array of substrings of s or an empty list if s contains only white space.

▾ Example

Code:

fmt.Printf("Fields are: %q", strings.Fields("  foo bar  baz   "))

Output:

Fields are: ["foo" "bar" "baz"]

func FieldsFunc 

func FieldsFunc(s string, f func(rune) bool) []string

FieldsFunc splits the string s at each run of Unicode code points c satisfying f(c) and returns an array of slices of s. If all code points in s satisfy f(c) or the string is empty, an empty slice is returned. FieldsFunc makes no guarantees about the order in which it calls f(c). If f does not return consistent results for a given c, FieldsFunc may crash.

▾ Example

Code:

f := func(c rune) bool {
    return !unicode.IsLetter(c) && !unicode.IsNumber(c)
}
fmt.Printf("Fields are: %q", strings.FieldsFunc("  foo1;bar2,baz3...", f))

Output:

Fields are: ["foo1" "bar2" "baz3"]

func HasPrefix 

func HasPrefix(s, prefix string) bool

HasPrefix tests whether the string s begins with prefix.

▾ Example

Code:

fmt.Println(strings.HasPrefix("Gopher", "Go"))
fmt.Println(strings.HasPrefix("Gopher", "C"))
fmt.Println(strings.HasPrefix("Gopher", ""))

Output:

true
false
true

func HasSuffix 

func HasSuffix(s, suffix string) bool

HasSuffix tests whether the string s ends with suffix.

▾ Example

Code:

fmt.Println(strings.HasSuffix("Amigo", "go"))
fmt.Println(strings.HasSuffix("Amigo", "O"))
fmt.Println(strings.HasSuffix("Amigo", "Ami"))
fmt.Println(strings.HasSuffix("Amigo", ""))

Output:

true
false
false
true

func Index 

func Index(s, sep string) int

Index returns the index of the first instance of sep in s, or -1 if sep is not present in s.

▾ Example

Code:

fmt.Println(strings.Index("chicken", "ken"))
fmt.Println(strings.Index("chicken", "dmr"))

Output:

4
-1

func IndexAny 

func IndexAny(s, chars string) int

IndexAny returns the index of the first instance of any Unicode code point from chars in s, or -1 if no Unicode code point from chars is present in s.

▾ Example

Code:

fmt.Println(strings.IndexAny("chicken", "aeiouy"))
fmt.Println(strings.IndexAny("crwth", "aeiouy"))

Output:

2
-1

func IndexByte 

func IndexByte(s string, c byte) int

IndexByte returns the index of the first instance of c in s, or -1 if c is not present in s.

func IndexFunc 

func IndexFunc(s string, f func(rune) bool) int

IndexFunc returns the index into s of the first Unicode code point satisfying f(c), or -1 if none do.

▾ Example

Code:

f := func(c rune) bool {
    return unicode.Is(unicode.Han, c)
}
fmt.Println(strings.IndexFunc("Hello, 世界", f))
fmt.Println(strings.IndexFunc("Hello, world", f))

Output:

7
-1

func IndexRune 

func IndexRune(s string, r rune) int

IndexRune returns the index of the first instance of the Unicode code point r, or -1 if rune is not present in s. If r is utf8.RuneError, it returns the first instance of any invalid UTF-8 byte sequence.

▾ Example

Code:

fmt.Println(strings.IndexRune("chicken", 'k'))
fmt.Println(strings.IndexRune("chicken", 'd'))

Output:

4
-1

func Join 

func Join(a []string, sep string) string

Join concatenates the elements of a to create a single string. The separator string sep is placed between elements in the resulting string.

▾ Example

Code:

s := []string{"foo", "bar", "baz"}
fmt.Println(strings.Join(s, ", "))

Output:

foo, bar, baz

func LastIndex 

func LastIndex(s, sep string) int

LastIndex returns the index of the last instance of sep in s, or -1 if sep is not present in s.

▾ Example

Code:

fmt.Println(strings.Index("go gopher", "go"))
fmt.Println(strings.LastIndex("go gopher", "go"))
fmt.Println(strings.LastIndex("go gopher", "rodent"))

Output:

0
3
-1

func LastIndexAny 

func LastIndexAny(s, chars string) int

LastIndexAny returns the index of the last instance of any Unicode code point from chars in s, or -1 if no Unicode code point from chars is present in s.

func LastIndexByte 

func LastIndexByte(s string, c byte) int

LastIndexByte returns the index of the last instance of c in s, or -1 if c is not present in s.

func LastIndexFunc 

func LastIndexFunc(s string, f func(rune) bool) int

LastIndexFunc returns the index into s of the last Unicode code point satisfying f(c), or -1 if none do.

func Map 

func Map(mapping func(rune) rune, s string) string

Map returns a copy of the string s with all its characters modified according to the mapping function. If mapping returns a negative value, the character is dropped from the string with no replacement.

▾ Example

Code:

rot13 := func(r rune) rune {
    switch {
    case r >= 'A' && r <= 'Z':
        return 'A' + (r-'A'+13)%26
    case r >= 'a' && r <= 'z':
        return 'a' + (r-'a'+13)%26
    }
    return r
}
fmt.Println(strings.Map(rot13, "'Twas brillig and the slithy gopher..."))

Output:

'Gjnf oevyyvt naq gur fyvgul tbcure...

func Repeat 

func Repeat(s string, count int) string

Repeat returns a new string consisting of count copies of the string s.

It panics if count is negative or if the result of (len(s) * count) overflows.

▾ Example

Code:

fmt.Println("ba" + strings.Repeat("na", 2))

Output:

banana

func Replace 

func Replace(s, old, new string, n int) string

Replace returns a copy of the string s with the first n non-overlapping instances of old replaced by new. If old is empty, it matches at the beginning of the string and after each UTF-8 sequence, yielding up to k+1 replacements for a k-rune string. If n < 0, there is no limit on the number of replacements.

▾ Example

Code:

fmt.Println(strings.Replace("oink oink oink", "k", "ky", 2))
fmt.Println(strings.Replace("oink oink oink", "oink", "moo", -1))

Output:

oinky oinky oink
moo moo moo

func Split 

func Split(s, sep string) []string

Split slices s into all substrings separated by sep and returns a slice of the substrings between those separators. If sep is empty, Split splits after each UTF-8 sequence. It is equivalent to SplitN with a count of -1.

▾ Example

Code:

fmt.Printf("%q\n", strings.Split("a,b,c", ","))
fmt.Printf("%q\n", strings.Split("a man a plan a canal panama", "a "))
fmt.Printf("%q\n", strings.Split(" xyz ", ""))
fmt.Printf("%q\n", strings.Split("", "Bernardo O'Higgins"))

Output:

["a" "b" "c"]
["" "man " "plan " "canal panama"]
[" " "x" "y" "z" " "]
[""]

func SplitAfter 

func SplitAfter(s, sep string) []string

SplitAfter slices s into all substrings after each instance of sep and returns a slice of those substrings. If sep is empty, SplitAfter splits after each UTF-8 sequence. It is equivalent to SplitAfterN with a count of -1.

▾ Example

Code:

fmt.Printf("%q\n", strings.SplitAfter("a,b,c", ","))

Output:

["a," "b," "c"]

func SplitAfterN 

func SplitAfterN(s, sep string, n int) []string

SplitAfterN slices s into substrings after each instance of sep and returns a slice of those substrings. If sep is empty, SplitAfterN splits after each UTF-8 sequence. The count determines the number of substrings to return: 

n > 0: at most n substrings; the last substring will be the unsplit remainder.
n == 0: the result is nil (zero substrings)
n < 0: all substrings

▾ Example

Code:

fmt.Printf("%q\n", strings.SplitAfterN("a,b,c", ",", 2))

Output:

["a," "b,c"]

func SplitN 

func SplitN(s, sep string, n int) []string

SplitN slices s into substrings separated by sep and returns a slice of the substrings between those separators. If sep is empty, SplitN splits after each UTF-8 sequence. The count determines the number of substrings to return: 

n > 0: at most n substrings; the last substring will be the unsplit remainder.
n == 0: the result is nil (zero substrings)
n < 0: all substrings

▾ Example

Code:

fmt.Printf("%q\n", strings.SplitN("a,b,c", ",", 2))
z := strings.SplitN("a,b,c", ",", 0)
fmt.Printf("%q (nil = %v)\n", z, z == nil)

Output:

["a" "b,c"]
[] (nil = true)

func Title 

func Title(s string) string

Title returns a copy of the string s with all Unicode letters that begin words mapped to their title case.

BUG(rsc): The rule Title uses for word boundaries does not handle Unicode punctuation properly.

▾ Example

Code:

fmt.Println(strings.Title("her royal highness"))

Output:

Her Royal Highness

func ToLower 

func ToLower(s string) string

ToLower returns a copy of the string s with all Unicode letters mapped to their lower case.

▾ Example

Code:

fmt.Println(strings.ToLower("Gopher"))

Output:

gopher

func ToLowerSpecial 

func ToLowerSpecial(c unicode.SpecialCase, s string) string

ToLowerSpecial returns a copy of the string s with all Unicode letters mapped to their lower case, giving priority to the special casing rules.

func ToTitle 

func ToTitle(s string) string

ToTitle returns a copy of the string s with all Unicode letters mapped to their title case.

▾ Example

Code:

fmt.Println(strings.ToTitle("loud noises"))
fmt.Println(strings.ToTitle("хлеб"))

Output:

LOUD NOISES
ХЛЕБ

func ToTitleSpecial 

func ToTitleSpecial(c unicode.SpecialCase, s string) string

ToTitleSpecial returns a copy of the string s with all Unicode letters mapped to their title case, giving priority to the special casing rules.

func ToUpper 

func ToUpper(s string) string

ToUpper returns a copy of the string s with all Unicode letters mapped to their upper case.

▾ Example

Code:

fmt.Println(strings.ToUpper("Gopher"))

Output:

GOPHER

func ToUpperSpecial 

func ToUpperSpecial(c unicode.SpecialCase, s string) string

ToUpperSpecial returns a copy of the string s with all Unicode letters mapped to their upper case, giving priority to the special casing rules.

func Trim 

func Trim(s string, cutset string) string

Trim returns a slice of the string s with all leading and trailing Unicode code points contained in cutset removed.

▾ Example

Code:

fmt.Printf("[%q]", strings.Trim(" !!! Achtung! Achtung! !!! ", "! "))

Output:

["Achtung! Achtung"]

func TrimFunc 

func TrimFunc(s string, f func(rune) bool) string

TrimFunc returns a slice of the string s with all leading and trailing Unicode code points c satisfying f(c) removed.

func TrimLeft 

func TrimLeft(s string, cutset string) string

TrimLeft returns a slice of the string s with all leading Unicode code points contained in cutset removed.

func TrimLeftFunc 

func TrimLeftFunc(s string, f func(rune) bool) string

TrimLeftFunc returns a slice of the string s with all leading Unicode code points c satisfying f(c) removed.

func TrimPrefix 

func TrimPrefix(s, prefix string) string

TrimPrefix returns s without the provided leading prefix string. If s doesn't start with prefix, s is returned unchanged.

▾ Example

Code:

var s = "Goodbye,, world!"
s = strings.TrimPrefix(s, "Goodbye,")
s = strings.TrimPrefix(s, "Howdy,")
fmt.Print("Hello" + s)

Output:

Hello, world!

func TrimRight 

func TrimRight(s string, cutset string) string

TrimRight returns a slice of the string s, with all trailing Unicode code points contained in cutset removed.

func TrimRightFunc 

func TrimRightFunc(s string, f func(rune) bool) string

TrimRightFunc returns a slice of the string s with all trailing Unicode code points c satisfying f(c) removed.

func TrimSpace 

func TrimSpace(s string) string

TrimSpace returns a slice of the string s, with all leading and trailing white space removed, as defined by Unicode.

▾ Example

Code:

fmt.Println(strings.TrimSpace(" \t\n a lone gopher \n\t\r\n"))

Output:

a lone gopher

func TrimSuffix 

func TrimSuffix(s, suffix string) string

TrimSuffix returns s without the provided trailing suffix string. If s doesn't end with suffix, s is returned unchanged.

▾ Example

Code:

var s = "Hello, goodbye, etc!"
s = strings.TrimSuffix(s, "goodbye, etc!")
s = strings.TrimSuffix(s, "planet")
fmt.Print(s, "world!")

Output:

Hello, world!

type Reader

A Reader implements the io.Reader, io.ReaderAt, io.Seeker, io.WriterTo, io.ByteScanner, and io.RuneScanner interfaces by reading from a string. 

type Reader struct {
    // contains filtered or unexported fields
}

func NewReader 

func NewReader(s string) *Reader

NewReader returns a new Reader reading from s. It is similar to bytes.NewBufferString but more efficient and read-only.

func (*Reader) Len 

func (r *Reader) Len() int

Len returns the number of bytes of the unread portion of the string.

func (*Reader) Read 

func (r *Reader) Read(b []byte) (n int, err error)

func (*Reader) ReadAt 

func (r *Reader) ReadAt(b []byte, off int64) (n int, err error)

func (*Reader) ReadByte 

func (r *Reader) ReadByte() (byte, error)

func (*Reader) ReadRune 

func (r *Reader) ReadRune() (ch rune, size int, err error)

func (*Reader) Reset 

func (r *Reader) Reset(s string)

Reset resets the Reader to be reading from s.

func (*Reader) Seek 

func (r *Reader) Seek(offset int64, whence int) (int64, error)

Seek implements the io.Seeker interface.

func (*Reader) Size 

func (r *Reader) Size() int64

Size returns the original length of the underlying string. Size is the number of bytes available for reading via ReadAt. The returned value is always the same and is not affected by calls to any other method.

func (*Reader) UnreadByte 

func (r *Reader) UnreadByte() error

func (*Reader) UnreadRune 

func (r *Reader) UnreadRune() error

func (*Reader) WriteTo 

func (r *Reader) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (n int64, err error)

WriteTo implements the io.WriterTo interface.

type Replacer

Replacer replaces a list of strings with replacements. It is safe for concurrent use by multiple goroutines. 

type Replacer struct {
    // contains filtered or unexported fields
}

func NewReplacer 

func NewReplacer(oldnew ...string) *Replacer

NewReplacer returns a new Replacer from a list of old, new string pairs. Replacements are performed in order, without overlapping matches.

▾ Example

Code:

r := strings.NewReplacer("<", "&lt;", ">", "&gt;")
fmt.Println(r.Replace("This is <b>HTML</b>!"))

Output:

This is &lt;b&gt;HTML&lt;/b&gt;!

func (*Replacer) Replace 

func (r *Replacer) Replace(s string) string

Replace returns a copy of s with all replacements performed.

func (*Replacer) WriteString 

func (r *Replacer) WriteString(w io.Writer, s string) (n int, err error)

WriteString writes s to w with all replacements performed.

Bugs

  • ☞

    The rule Title uses for word boundaries does not handle Unicode punctuation properly.