R_OK (in module os)
radians() (in module math)
(in module turtle)
RadioButtonGroup (class in msilib)
radiogroup() (msilib.Dialog method)
radix() (decimal.Context method)
(decimal.Decimal method)
RADIXCHAR (in module locale)
raise
statement, [1]
raise (2to3 fixer)
raise an exception
raise_on_defect (email.policy.Policy attribute)
RAISE_VARARGS (opcode)
raising
exception
RAND_add() (in module ssl)
RAND_bytes() (in module ssl)
RAND_egd() (in module ssl)
RAND_pseudo_bytes() (in module ssl)
RAND_status() (in module ssl)
randint() (in module random)
random (module)
random() (in module random)
randrange() (in module random)
range
built-in function
object
range (built-in class)
RARROW (in module token)
ratecv() (in module audioop)
ratio() (difflib.SequenceMatcher method)
Rational (class in numbers)
raw (io.BufferedIOBase attribute)
raw string
raw() (in module curses)
raw_data_manager (in module email.contentmanager)
raw_decode() (json.JSONDecoder method)
raw_input (2to3 fixer)
raw_input() (code.InteractiveConsole method)
RawArray() (in module multiprocessing.sharedctypes)
RawConfigParser (class in configparser)
RawDescriptionHelpFormatter (class in argparse)
RawIOBase (class in io)
RawPen (class in turtle)
RawTextHelpFormatter (class in argparse)
RawTurtle (class in turtle)
RawValue() (in module multiprocessing.sharedctypes)
RBRACE (in module token)
rcpttos (smtpd.SMTPChannel attribute)
re
module, [1]
re (class in typing)
(module)
(re.match attribute)
read() (asyncio.StreamReader method)
(chunk.Chunk method)
(codecs.StreamReader method)
(configparser.ConfigParser method)
(http.client.HTTPResponse method)
(imaplib.IMAP4 method)
(in module os)
(io.BufferedIOBase method)
(io.BufferedReader method)
(io.RawIOBase method)
(io.TextIOBase method)
(mimetypes.MimeTypes method)
(mmap.mmap method)
(ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device method)
(ssl.MemoryBIO method)
(ssl.SSLSocket method)
(urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser method)
(zipfile.ZipFile method)
read1() (io.BufferedIOBase method)
(io.BufferedReader method)
(io.BytesIO method)
read_all() (telnetlib.Telnet method)
read_byte() (mmap.mmap method)
read_bytes() (pathlib.Path method)
read_dict() (configparser.ConfigParser method)
read_eager() (telnetlib.Telnet method)
read_environ() (in module wsgiref.handlers)
read_events() (xml.etree.ElementTree.XMLPullParser method)
read_file() (configparser.ConfigParser method)
read_history_file() (in module readline)
read_init_file() (in module readline)
read_lazy() (telnetlib.Telnet method)
read_mime_types() (in module mimetypes)
READ_RESTRICTED
read_sb_data() (telnetlib.Telnet method)
read_some() (telnetlib.Telnet method)
read_string() (configparser.ConfigParser method)
read_text() (pathlib.Path method)
read_token() (shlex.shlex method)
read_until() (telnetlib.Telnet method)
read_very_eager() (telnetlib.Telnet method)
read_very_lazy() (telnetlib.Telnet method)
read_windows_registry() (mimetypes.MimeTypes method)
READABLE (in module tkinter)
readable() (asyncore.dispatcher method)
(io.IOBase method)
readall() (io.RawIOBase method)
reader() (in module csv)
ReadError
readexactly() (asyncio.StreamReader method)
readfp() (configparser.ConfigParser method)
(mimetypes.MimeTypes method)
readframes() (aifc.aifc method)
(sunau.AU_read method)
(wave.Wave_read method)
readinto() (http.client.HTTPResponse method)
(io.BufferedIOBase method)
(io.RawIOBase method)
readinto1() (io.BufferedIOBase method)
(io.BytesIO method)
readline (module)
readline() (asyncio.StreamReader method)
(codecs.StreamReader method)
(distutils.text_file.TextFile method)
(imaplib.IMAP4 method)
(io.IOBase method)
(io.TextIOBase method)
(mmap.mmap method)
readlines() (codecs.StreamReader method)
(distutils.text_file.TextFile method)
(io.IOBase method)
readlink() (in module os)
readmodule() (in module pyclbr)
readmodule_ex() (in module pyclbr)
READONLY
readonly (memoryview attribute)
readPlist() (in module plistlib)
readPlistFromBytes() (in module plistlib)
ReadTransport (class in asyncio)
readuntil() (asyncio.StreamReader method)
readv() (in module os)
ready() (multiprocessing.pool.AsyncResult method)
Real (class in numbers)
real (numbers.Complex attribute)
Real Media File Format
real_quick_ratio() (difflib.SequenceMatcher method)
realloc()
realpath() (in module os.path)
reason (http.client.HTTPResponse attribute)
(UnicodeError attribute)
(ssl.SSLError attribute)
(urllib.error.HTTPError attribute)
(urllib.error.URLError attribute)
reattach() (tkinter.ttk.Treeview method)
rebinding
name
reccontrols() (ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device method)
received_data (smtpd.SMTPChannel attribute)
received_lines (smtpd.SMTPChannel attribute)
recent() (imaplib.IMAP4 method)
records (unittest.TestCase attribute)
rect() (in module cmath)
rectangle() (in module curses.textpad)
RecursionError
recursive_repr() (in module reprlib)
recv() (asyncore.dispatcher method)
(multiprocessing.Connection method)
(socket.socket method)
recv_bytes() (multiprocessing.Connection method)
recv_bytes_into() (multiprocessing.Connection method)
recv_into() (socket.socket method)
recvfrom() (socket.socket method)
recvfrom_into() (socket.socket method)
recvmsg() (socket.socket method)
recvmsg_into() (socket.socket method)
redirect_request() (urllib.request.HTTPRedirectHandler method)
redirect_stderr() (in module contextlib)
redirect_stdout() (in module contextlib)
redisplay() (in module readline)
redrawln() (curses.window method)
redrawwin() (curses.window method)
reduce (2to3 fixer)
reduce() (in module functools)
ref (class in weakref)
reference
attribute
reference count
reference counting
ReferenceError, [1]
ReferenceType (in module weakref)
refold_source (email.policy.EmailPolicy attribute)
refresh() (curses.window method)
REG_BINARY (in module winreg)
REG_DWORD (in module winreg)
REG_DWORD_BIG_ENDIAN (in module winreg)
REG_DWORD_LITTLE_ENDIAN (in module winreg)
REG_EXPAND_SZ (in module winreg)
REG_FULL_RESOURCE_DESCRIPTOR (in module winreg)
REG_LINK (in module winreg)
REG_MULTI_SZ (in module winreg)
REG_NONE (in module winreg)
REG_RESOURCE_LIST (in module winreg)
REG_RESOURCE_REQUIREMENTS_LIST (in module winreg)
REG_SZ (in module winreg)
register() (abc.ABCMeta method)
(in module atexit)
(in module codecs)
(in module faulthandler)
(in module webbrowser)
(multiprocessing.managers.BaseManager method)
(select.devpoll method)
(select.epoll method)
(select.poll method)
(selectors.BaseSelector method)
register_adapter() (in module sqlite3)
register_archive_format() (in module shutil)
register_converter() (in module sqlite3)
register_defect() (email.policy.Policy method)
register_dialect() (in module csv)
register_error() (in module codecs)
register_function() (xmlrpc.server.CGIXMLRPCRequestHandler method)
(xmlrpc.server.SimpleXMLRPCServer method)
register_instance() (xmlrpc.server.CGIXMLRPCRequestHandler method)
(xmlrpc.server.SimpleXMLRPCServer method)
register_introspection_functions() (xmlrpc.server.CGIXMLRPCRequestHandler method)
(xmlrpc.server.SimpleXMLRPCServer method)
register_multicall_functions() (xmlrpc.server.CGIXMLRPCRequestHandler method)
(xmlrpc.server.SimpleXMLRPCServer method)
register_namespace() (in module xml.etree.ElementTree)
register_optionflag() (in module doctest)
register_shape() (in module turtle)
register_unpack_format() (in module shutil)
registerDOMImplementation() (in module xml.dom)
registerResult() (in module unittest)
regular
package
regular package
relative
URL
import
relative_to() (pathlib.PurePath method)
release() (_thread.lock method)
(asyncio.Condition method)
(asyncio.Lock method)
(asyncio.Semaphore method)
(in module platform)
(logging.Handler method)
(memoryview method)
(multiprocessing.Lock method)
(multiprocessing.RLock method)
(threading.Condition method)
(threading.Lock method)
(threading.RLock method)
(threading.Semaphore method)
release_lock() (in module imp)
reload (2to3 fixer)
reload() (in module imp)
(in module importlib)
relpath() (in module os.path)
remainder() (decimal.Context method)
remainder_near() (decimal.Context method)
(decimal.Decimal method)
RemoteDisconnected
remove() (array.array method)
(collections.deque method)
(in module os)
(mailbox.MH method)
(mailbox.Mailbox method)
(sequence method)
(set method)
(xml.etree.ElementTree.Element method)
remove_done_callback() (asyncio.Future method)
remove_flag() (mailbox.MaildirMessage method)
(mailbox.MMDFMessage method)
(mailbox.mboxMessage method)
remove_folder() (mailbox.Maildir method)
(mailbox.MH method)
remove_header() (urllib.request.Request method)
remove_history_item() (in module readline)
remove_label() (mailbox.BabylMessage method)
remove_option() (configparser.ConfigParser method)
(optparse.OptionParser method)
remove_pyc() (msilib.Directory method)
remove_reader() (asyncio.AbstractEventLoop method)
remove_section() (configparser.ConfigParser method)
remove_sequence() (mailbox.MHMessage method)
remove_signal_handler() (asyncio.AbstractEventLoop method)
remove_tree() (in module distutils.dir_util)
remove_writer() (asyncio.AbstractEventLoop method)
removeAttribute() (xml.dom.Element method)
removeAttributeNode() (xml.dom.Element method)
removeAttributeNS() (xml.dom.Element method)
removeChild() (xml.dom.Node method)
removedirs() (in module os)
removeFilter() (logging.Handler method)
(logging.Logger method)
removeHandler() (in module unittest)
(logging.Logger method)
removeResult() (in module unittest)
removexattr() (in module os)
rename() (ftplib.FTP method)
(imaplib.IMAP4 method)
(in module os)
(pathlib.Path method)
renames (2to3 fixer)
renames() (in module os)
reorganize() (dbm.gnu.gdbm method)
repeat() (in module itertools)
(in module timeit)
(timeit.Timer method)
repetition
operation
replace() (bytearray method)
(bytes method)
(curses.panel.Panel method)
(datetime.date method)
(datetime.datetime method)
(datetime.time method)
(in module os)
(inspect.Parameter method)
(inspect.Signature method)
(pathlib.Path method)
(str method)
replace_errors() (in module codecs)
replace_header() (email.message.Message method)
replace_history_item() (in module readline)
replace_whitespace (textwrap.TextWrapper attribute)
replaceChild() (xml.dom.Node method)
ReplacePackage() (in module modulefinder)
report() (filecmp.dircmp method)
(modulefinder.ModuleFinder method)
REPORT_CDIFF (in module doctest)
report_failure() (doctest.DocTestRunner method)
report_full_closure() (filecmp.dircmp method)
REPORT_NDIFF (in module doctest)
REPORT_ONLY_FIRST_FAILURE (in module doctest)
report_partial_closure() (filecmp.dircmp method)
report_start() (doctest.DocTestRunner method)
report_success() (doctest.DocTestRunner method)
REPORT_UDIFF (in module doctest)
report_unexpected_exception() (doctest.DocTestRunner method)
REPORTING_FLAGS (in module doctest)
repr
built-in function, [1], [2], [3]
repr (2to3 fixer)
Repr (class in reprlib)
repr() (built-in function)
__repr__() (object method)
repr() (in module reprlib)
(reprlib.Repr method)
repr1() (reprlib.Repr method)
representation
integer
reprlib (module)
Request (class in urllib.request)
request() (http.client.HTTPConnection method)
request_queue_size (socketserver.BaseServer attribute)
request_uri() (in module wsgiref.util)
request_version (http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler attribute)
RequestHandlerClass (socketserver.BaseServer attribute)
requestline (http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler attribute)
requires() (in module test.support)
reserved (zipfile.ZipInfo attribute)
reserved word
RESERVED_FUTURE (in module uuid)
RESERVED_MICROSOFT (in module uuid)
RESERVED_NCS (in module uuid)
reset() (bdb.Bdb method)
(codecs.IncrementalDecoder method)
(codecs.IncrementalEncoder method)
(codecs.StreamReader method)
(codecs.StreamWriter method)
(html.parser.HTMLParser method)
(in module turtle), [1]
(ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device method)
(pipes.Template method)
(threading.Barrier method)
(xdrlib.Packer method)
(xdrlib.Unpacker method)
(xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream method)
(xml.sax.xmlreader.IncrementalParser method)
reset_mock() (unittest.mock.Mock method)
reset_prog_mode() (in module curses)
reset_shell_mode() (in module curses)
resetbuffer() (code.InteractiveConsole method)
resetlocale() (in module locale)
resetscreen() (in module turtle)
resetty() (in module curses)
resetwarnings() (in module warnings)
resize() (curses.window method)
(in module ctypes)
(mmap.mmap method)
resize_term() (in module curses)
resizemode() (in module turtle)
resizeterm() (in module curses)
resolution (datetime.date attribute)
(datetime.datetime attribute)
(datetime.time attribute)
(datetime.timedelta attribute)
resolve() (pathlib.Path method)
resolve_name() (in module importlib.util)
resolveEntity() (xml.sax.handler.EntityResolver method)
resource (module)
ResourceDenied
ResourceLoader (class in importlib.abc)
ResourceWarning
response (nntplib.NNTPError attribute)
response() (imaplib.IMAP4 method)
ResponseNotReady
responses (http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler attribute)
(in module http.client)
restart (pdb command)
restore() (in module difflib)
RESTRICTED
restricted
execution
restype (ctypes._FuncPtr attribute)
result() (asyncio.Future method)
(concurrent.futures.Future method)
results() (trace.Trace method)
resume_reading() (asyncio.ReadTransport method)
resume_writing() (asyncio.BaseProtocol method)
retr() (poplib.POP3 method)
retrbinary() (ftplib.FTP method)
retrieve() (urllib.request.URLopener method)
retrlines() (ftplib.FTP method)
return
statement, [1], [2]
return (pdb command)
return_annotation (inspect.Signature attribute)
return_ok() (http.cookiejar.CookiePolicy method)
RETURN_VALUE (opcode)
return_value (unittest.mock.Mock attribute)
returncode (asyncio.asyncio.subprocess.Process attribute)
(subprocess.CalledProcessError attribute)
(subprocess.CompletedProcess attribute)
(subprocess.Popen attribute)
reverse() (array.array method)
(collections.deque method)
(in module audioop)
(sequence method)
reverse_order() (pstats.Stats method)
reverse_pointer (ipaddress.IPv4Address attribute)
(ipaddress.IPv6Address attribute)
reversed() (built-in function)
Reversible (class in typing)
revert() (http.cookiejar.FileCookieJar method)
rewind() (aifc.aifc method)
(sunau.AU_read method)
(wave.Wave_read method)
RFC
RFC 1014, [1]
RFC 1123
RFC 1321
RFC 1422
RFC 1521, [1], [2]
RFC 1522, [1]
RFC 1524, [1]
RFC 1730
RFC 1738
RFC 1750
RFC 1766, [1]
RFC 1808, [1], [2]
RFC 1832, [1]
RFC 1869, [1]
RFC 1870, [1], [2]
RFC 1894
RFC 1939, [1]
RFC 2033
RFC 2045, [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11]
RFC 2046, [1], [2]
RFC 2047, [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12]
RFC 2060, [1]
RFC 2068
RFC 2104, [1]
RFC 2109, [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8]
RFC 2183
RFC 2231, [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12]
RFC 2295
RFC 2342
RFC 2368
RFC 2373, [1], [2]
RFC 2396, [1], [2]
RFC 2397
RFC 2449
RFC 2487
RFC 2518
RFC 2595, [1]
RFC 2616, [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
RFC 2732, [1], [2]
RFC 2774
RFC 2818, [1]
RFC 2821
RFC 2822, [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29]
RFC 2964
RFC 2965, [1], [2]
RFC 2980, [1]
RFC 3056
RFC 3171
RFC 3207
RFC 3229
RFC 3280
RFC 3330
RFC 3454
RFC 3490, [1], [2], [3], [4]
RFC 3492, [1]
RFC 3493
RFC 3542
RFC 3548, [1], [2], [3], [4]
RFC 3659
RFC 3879
RFC 3927
RFC 3977, [1], [2], [3], [4]
RFC 3986, [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
RFC 4122, [1], [2], [3], [4]
RFC 4180
RFC 4193
RFC 4217
RFC 4291
RFC 4366
RFC 4380
RFC 4627, [1]
RFC 4642
RFC 4918, [1], [2], [3], [4]
RFC 4954, [1]
RFC 5161, [1]
RFC 5246
RFC 5280, [1], [2]
RFC 5321, [1], [2], [3], [4]
RFC 5322, [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15]
RFC 5735
RFC 5842, [1]
RFC 5929
RFC 6066
RFC 6125, [1]
RFC 6152, [1]
RFC 6531, [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7]
RFC 6532, [1]
RFC 6585, [1], [2], [3]
RFC 6855, [1], [2], [3]
RFC 6856, [1]
RFC 7159, [1], [2]
RFC 7231, [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34]
RFC 7232, [1]
RFC 7233, [1]
RFC 7235, [1]
RFC 7238
RFC 7301, [1], [2]
RFC 821, [1]
RFC 822, [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
RFC 854, [1]
RFC 959
RFC 977
rfc2109 (http.cookiejar.Cookie attribute)
rfc2109_as_netscape (http.cookiejar.DefaultCookiePolicy attribute)
rfc2965 (http.cookiejar.CookiePolicy attribute)
rfc822_escape() (in module distutils.util)
RFC_4122 (in module uuid)
rfile (http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler attribute)
rfind() (bytearray method)
(bytes method)
(mmap.mmap method)
(str method)
rgb_to_hls() (in module colorsys)
rgb_to_hsv() (in module colorsys)
rgb_to_yiq() (in module colorsys)
rglob() (pathlib.Path method)
right (filecmp.dircmp attribute)
right() (in module turtle)
right_list (filecmp.dircmp attribute)
right_only (filecmp.dircmp attribute)
RIGHTSHIFT (in module token)
RIGHTSHIFTEQUAL (in module token)
rindex() (bytearray method)
(bytes method)
(str method)
rjust() (bytearray method)
(bytes method)
(str method)
rlcompleter (module)
rlecode_hqx() (in module binascii)
rledecode_hqx() (in module binascii)
RLIM_INFINITY (in module resource)
RLIMIT_AS (in module resource)
RLIMIT_CORE (in module resource)
RLIMIT_CPU (in module resource)
RLIMIT_DATA (in module resource)
RLIMIT_FSIZE (in module resource)
RLIMIT_MEMLOCK (in module resource)
RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE (in module resource)
RLIMIT_NICE (in module resource)
RLIMIT_NOFILE (in module resource)
RLIMIT_NPROC (in module resource)
RLIMIT_NPTS (in module resource)
RLIMIT_OFILE (in module resource)
RLIMIT_RSS (in module resource)
RLIMIT_RTPRIO (in module resource)
RLIMIT_RTTIME (in module resource)
RLIMIT_SBSIZE (in module resource)
RLIMIT_SIGPENDING (in module resource)
RLIMIT_STACK (in module resource)
RLIMIT_SWAP (in module resource)
RLIMIT_VMEM (in module resource)
RLock (class in multiprocessing)
(class in threading)
RLock() (multiprocessing.managers.SyncManager method)
rmd() (ftplib.FTP method)
rmdir() (in module os)
(pathlib.Path method)
RMFF
rms() (in module audioop)
rmtree() (in module shutil)
RobotFileParser (class in urllib.robotparser)
robots.txt
rollback() (sqlite3.Connection method)
ROT_THREE (opcode)
ROT_TWO (opcode)
rotate() (collections.deque method)
(decimal.Context method)
(decimal.Decimal method)
(logging.handlers.BaseRotatingHandler method)
RotatingFileHandler (class in logging.handlers)
rotation_filename() (logging.handlers.BaseRotatingHandler method)
rotator (logging.handlers.BaseRotatingHandler attribute)
round
built-in function
round() (built-in function)
ROUND_05UP (in module decimal)
ROUND_CEILING (in module decimal)
ROUND_DOWN (in module decimal)
ROUND_FLOOR (in module decimal)
ROUND_HALF_DOWN (in module decimal)
ROUND_HALF_EVEN (in module decimal)
ROUND_HALF_UP (in module decimal)
ROUND_UP (in module decimal)
Rounded (class in decimal)
Row (class in sqlite3)
row_factory (sqlite3.Connection attribute)
rowcount (sqlite3.Cursor attribute)
RPAR (in module token)
rpartition() (bytearray method)
(bytes method)
(str method)
rpc_paths (xmlrpc.server.SimpleXMLRPCRequestHandler attribute)
rpop() (poplib.POP3 method)
rset() (poplib.POP3 method)
rshift() (in module operator)
rsplit() (bytearray method)
(bytes method)
(str method)
RSQB (in module token)
rstrip() (bytearray method)
(bytes method)
(str method)
rt() (in module turtle)
RTLD_DEEPBIND (in module os)
RTLD_GLOBAL (in module os)
RTLD_LAZY (in module os)
RTLD_LOCAL (in module os)
RTLD_NODELETE (in module os)
RTLD_NOLOAD (in module os)
RTLD_NOW (in module os)
ruler (cmd.Cmd attribute)
run (pdb command)
Run script
run() (bdb.Bdb method)
(distutils.cmd.Command method)
(doctest.DocTestRunner method)
(in module pdb)
(in module profile)
(in module subprocess)
(multiprocessing.Process method)
(pdb.Pdb method)
(profile.Profile method)
(sched.scheduler method)
(threading.Thread method)
(trace.Trace method)
(unittest.TestCase method)
(unittest.TestSuite method)
(unittest.TextTestRunner method)
(wsgiref.handlers.BaseHandler method)
run_coroutine_threadsafe() (in module asyncio)
run_docstring_examples() (in module doctest)
run_doctest() (in module test.support)
run_forever() (asyncio.AbstractEventLoop method)
run_in_executor() (asyncio.AbstractEventLoop method)
run_module() (in module runpy)
run_path() (in module runpy)
run_script() (modulefinder.ModuleFinder method)
run_setup() (in module distutils.core)
run_unittest() (in module test.support)
run_until_complete() (asyncio.AbstractEventLoop method)
run_with_locale() (in module test.support)
runcall() (bdb.Bdb method)
(in module pdb)
(pdb.Pdb method)
(profile.Profile method)
runcode() (code.InteractiveInterpreter method)
runctx() (bdb.Bdb method)
(in module profile)
(profile.Profile method)
(trace.Trace method)
runeval() (bdb.Bdb method)
(in module pdb)
(pdb.Pdb method)
runfunc() (trace.Trace method)
running() (concurrent.futures.Future method)
runpy (module)
runsource() (code.InteractiveInterpreter method)
runtime_library_dir_option() (distutils.ccompiler.CCompiler method)
RuntimeError
RuntimeWarning
RUSAGE_BOTH (in module resource)
RUSAGE_CHILDREN (in module resource)
RUSAGE_SELF (in module resource)
RUSAGE_THREAD (in module resource)